Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is the largest and most populous country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to the south. The Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan is bordered by Armenia to the north and east, Iran to the south and west, and Turkey to the northwest. Nagorno-Karabakh, along with 7 other districts in Azerbaijan's southwest have been controlled by Armenia since the end of the Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1994. Azerbaijan has lost 16% of its territory and must support some 600,000 internally displaced persons as a result of the conflict. Four United Nations Security Council Resolutions (822, 853, 874, and 884) called for "the withdrawal of occupying forces from occupied areas of the Azerbaijani Republic" The country's territory also embraces several islands in the Caspian Sea.

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three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), red, and green; a crescent and eight-pointed star in white are centered in red band